balsam apple, Jew's-ear

One of my students asked me, "What is 'nigauri（にがうり，ゴーヤ）' in English?" Of course, I didn't know the word "balsam apple."

Also, a teacher from New Zealand said, "I ate kikurage" yesterday, and I wondered how they would say it in English. But, he told me that he didn't know the answer.

Some English words to describe Japanese food might not be commonly used, and sometimes native speakers do not know the words.

How about these?

1) dried bonito
2) pickled plum
3) Japanse turnip